无色无味(杨波) 的Web Log(博客)

五 13 2010

About Cisco EIGRP（二）

Posted by admin in CISCO

Tags: bandwidth, CISCO, delay, eigrp, Metric | 3 Comments

As with most other routing protocols, the best path to a destination is the path with the lowest metric. EIGRP has the ability to use several variables to compute the metric to a destination network. The first five listed above are those variables: bandwidth, delay, reliability, load, and MTU. Only bandwidth and delay are used by default. It is highly recommended that the defaults be maintained, because using other variables can result in unknown problems in your network.

The values of bandwidth and delay are determined from the bandwidth and delay values associated with the router interfaces. There are default values, but the values can be changed per interface with the bandwidth and delay subinterface commands.

The formula for computing EIGRP metrics follows:

Metric – {[K1 * Bandwidth + (K2 * Bandwidth)/(256 – Load) + K3 * Delay] * [K5/(Reliability + K4)]} * 256

The default K-values follow: K1 = 1; K2 = 0; K3 = 1; K4 = 0; K5 = 0; therefore, the metric formula can be simplified to:

Metric = (Bandwidth + Delay) * 256

Bandwidth = 10000000/Minimum bandwidth along path; and Delay = Sum of delays along path.

Therefore, the final metric formula becomes:

([10000000/Minimum bandwidth] + Sum of delay/10) * 256

Note: Formula uses the bandwidth in kilobits per second and delay as configured on the interface, which is in microseconds.

Metric example:

In this example, the total cost (metric) for Router_A to get to Network A through Router_B would be:

Minimum bandwidth = 128kbps
Total delay = 100 + 100 + 1000 = 1200/10 ms

([10000000/128] + 1200/10) * 256 = 20030720

The total cost to the same destination through Router_C follows:

Minimum bandwidth = 512kbps
Total delay = 1000 + 100 + 100 = 1200/10 ms

([10000000/512] + 1200/10) * 256 = 5030720

The path through Router_C has the lowest cost. Router_A would, therefore, choose the path through Router_C as the best path and put it in its routing table. This path would then be known as the successor (explained later).

In the above topology, the metric of Router_B to Network A would be 307200. Router_C would also have a metric of 307200 to Network A.

五 13 2010

about EIGRP (一）

Posted by admin in CISCO

Tags: eigrp | 3 Comments

http://www.cisco.com/web/learning/le31/le20/ssat/cim/tac_eigrp.html

Detailed Information

In this module, you will learn the basic concepts behind EIGRP. You will also do hands-on Configuration Labs to learn some fundamental concepts of EIGRP, and a Challenge Lab to test your troubleshooting knowledge.

Objectives:

At the end of this tutorial, you will be able to:

Describe the Reliable Transport Protocol and its function in EIGRP.
Summarize the neighbor discovery and recovery processes.
Discuss the process of EIGRP metric calculation and list the variables used.
Describe how EIGRP determines which paths are loop free.
Describe the process used to clear bad routes from EIGRP routing tables.
Describe the query process used to find paths to lost destinations.
Describe address summarization.
Summarize the administrative distance used by EIGRP to select routes.
Describe redistribution.
Discuss load balancing, over both equal- and unequal-cost paths.
Describe the three approaches to configuring default routing.

Labs(5):

Configuration Lab: Configuration, Updates and Acknowledgements, and Debugging
Configuration Lab: Load Balancing with Variance
Configuration Lab: Redistribution
Configuration Lab: Redistribution with an Autonomous System
Challenge Lab: EIGRP

DUAL Diffusing Update Algorithm (DUAL),

EIGRP, on the other hand, builds a topology table from information it learns from each of its neighbors. The information sent by EIGRP is nonperiodic and contains only new information. Using the Diffusing Update Algorithm (DUAL), EIGRP then chooses a best path (successor) and alternate loop-free paths (feasible successors) that allow for fast convergence. This information is kept in a topology table separate from the routing table. Upon losing a route to a destination, EIGRP looks for feasible successors in its topology table. If a feasible successor does exist, EIGRP begins using it immediately. If no feasible successors exist, EIGRP queries its neighbors.

For all the above to be accomplished, the components of EIGRP must provide:

Reliable transport mechanism
Neighbor discovery/recovery process, which allows EIGRP routers to discover and track other EIGRP speaking routers that are on directly connected networks; part of this process must be done reliably (guaranteed)
A way to discover which paths are loop free
A process to clear bad routes from the topology table of all routers on the network
A process for querying neighbors to find paths for lost destinations

Reliable Transport Protocol (可靠传输协议）
1.EIGRP updates and hellos are destined to the multicast address 224.0.0.10.

2.Protocol Number:88

EIGRP uses multiple packet types for reliable transport, all of which are identified by protocol number 88 in the IP header.

Hello packets are used to discover and recover neighbors. They are multicast and use unreliable delivery (no acknowledgment necessary).

Acknowledgments are used for reliable delivery and are always unicast.

Updates are used to convey route information. Updates are transmitted only when there is a change in the topology; they contain only the changed information, and they are sent only to routers that require the information. If only one router requires the update information, the updates are unicast; otherwise the updates are multicast. Updates use reliable delivery.

Queries and replies are used by DUAL. Queries can be multicast or unicast, and replies are always unicast. Queries and replies use reliable delivery.

Question: Fill in the blanks:
Each EIGRP neighbor receiving a ______ packet will ______ an acknowledgment.

a. unicast, broadcast

b. broadcast, unicast

c. multicast, unicast

d. unicast, multicast

When a router receives the hello packet from a new neighbor, EIGRP attempts to exchange routing updates with the neighbor. The updates contain all routes known by the sending routers and the metrics of those routes. When an EIGRP router receives updates from its neighbors, it builds a second table, the topology table, from which it builds a routing (forwarding) table. The topology table contains information needed to build a set of metrics and next hops to each reachable network, including:

Lowest bandwidth on the path to the destination
Total delay
Path reliability
Path loading
Minimum-path maximun transmission unit (MTU)
Feasible distance
Reported distance
Route source

Question: How can an EIGRP packet be identified by looking at the IP header? (choose all that apply)

a. Header will have User Datagram Protocol (UDP) Port 88

b. Header will have TCP Port 88

c. Header will have destination address of 224.0.0.10

d. Header will have IP protocol number 88

e. None of the above

五 12 2010

CCNP TSHOOT 642-832 Cert Kit: Video, Flash Card, and Quick Reference Preparation Package

Posted by admin in CISCO

Tags: 642-832, ccnp, Cert Kit, Flash Card, TSHOOT, Video | Add comment

CCNP TSHOOT 642-832 Cert Kit: Video, Flash Card, and Quick Reference Preparation Package | 2.08GB
Genre: eLearning

CCNP TSHOOT 642-832 Cert Kit is a best of breed late-stage preparation package that brings together three self-study tools into one value-priced package. The Network Troubleshooting Video Mentor contains 20 individual videos (with a total of about six hours of instruction) that demonstrate how to accomplish some of the most common troubleshooting tasks on Cisco routers and switches, and shows you how to verify that the network is working correctly. The CCNP TSHOOT Quick Reference provides you with detailed graphical-based information, highlighting only the key topics on the CCNP TSHOOT exam in cram-style format. This fact-filled Quick Reference allows you to get all-important information at a glance, helping focus on areas of weakness and enhance memory retention of important concepts. The CCNP TSHOOT Cert Flash Cards Online provide a concise review of all objectives on the CCNP TSHOOT 642-832 exam. This online exam preparation tool consists of a custom flash card application loaded with more than 300 total questions that test your skills and enhance retention of exam topics. The Flash Cards are available in both desktop and mobile formats.

# The Troubleshooting Video Mentor contains 20 individual videos for six hours of instruction
# The Cert Flash Cards Online provide 300 online flash cards for mobile and desktop devices
# The CCNP TSHOOT Quick Reference provides late stage review in print and PC formats

Table of Contents

Network Troubleshooting Video Mentor:
Lab 1: Spanning Tree Troubleshooting
Lab 2: Router Redundancy Troubleshooting
Lab 3: EIGRP Troubleshooting
Lab 4: OSPF Troubleshooting
Lab 5: Route Redistribution Troubleshooting
Lab 6: BGP Troubleshooting
Lab 7: IPv6 and OSPFv3 Troubleshooting
Lab 8: IPv6 and RIPng Troubleshooting
Lab 9: IOS Security Troubleshooting
Lab 10: DHCP Troubleshooting
Lab 11: NAT Troubleshooting
Lab 12: VoIP Troubleshooting
Lab 13: Multicast Troubleshooting
Lab 14: Troubleshooting Complex Environments

CCNP Tshoot Quick Reference:
I. Chapter One, Planning Network Maintenance
a. Maintenance Models and Methodologies
b. Maintenance Tools
c. Monitoring and Measurement Tools
d. Documenting Maintenance Processes
II. Chapter Two, Maintenance and Troubleshooting Tools
a. Using Command-line Tools
b. Using Specialized Tools
c. Using Special-Purchased Tools
III. Chapter Three, Creating a Troubleshooting Process
a. Evaluating Troubleshooting Methodologies
b. Establishing Baseline Metrics
c. Analyzing Network Problems
d. Seeking Problem Causes
e. Resolving Network Problems
f. Documentation
IV. Chapter Four, Maintaining and Troubleshooting Routing Protocols
a. IGPs
b. Route Redistribution
c. DHCP and NAT
d. WAN Connections
e. Network Performance
V. Chapter Five, Maintaining and Troubleshooting Campus Switching
a. InterVLAN Trunking
b. High Availability and Resiliency
c. Layer 3 Switches
d. Unified Communication
VI. Chapter Six, Maintaining and Troubleshooting Network Device Security
a. Attacks on Non-Hardened Devices
VII. Chapter Seven, Maintaining and Troubleshooting Applications and Services
a. WAAS
b. Virtualization
c. Storage
d. Load Balancing
VIII. Chapter Eight, Maintaining and Troubleshooting Remote User Networks
a. Security
b. Network Access and Authentication
c. VPNs
d. Branch Office Issues

CCNP Tshoot Cert Flash Cards Online:
1. Planning Maintenance for Complex Networks
2. Selecting Maintenance and Troubleshooting Tools and Applications
3. Planning Troubleshooting Processes for Complex Enterprise Networks
4. Maintaining and Troubleshooting Campus Switching Based Solutions
5. Maintaining and Troubleshooting Routing Based Solutions
6. Maintaining and Troubleshooting Network Security Solutions
7. Maintaining and Troubleshooting Integrated, Complex Enterprise Networks

INSTALLATION
Unpack, burn or mount, enjoy.

Homepage: http://www.ciscopress.com/bookstore/product.asp?isbn=1587141205
Download

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五 12 2010

Cisco Press CCNP SWITCH 642-813 Cert Kit DVD

Posted by admin in CISCO

Tags: 2.4 GB, 642-813, ccnp, Cert Kit DVD, Cisco Press, iso, switch | Add comment

Cisco Press CCNP SWITCH 642-813 Cert Kit DVD | ISO | 2.4 GB

CCNP SWITCH 642-813 Cert Kit is a best of breed late-stage preparation package that combines three self-study tools into one value-priced package. This product provides you with over 6 hours of personal instruction from Sr. instructor Dave Hucaby on the LAN Switching Video Mentor, a concise review of CCNP SWITCH exam topics in the CCNP SWITCH Quick Reference, and 300 exam review questions in both desktop and mobile formats in the CCNP SWITCH Cert Flash Cards Online.
LAN Switching Video Mentor is a DVD video product. The DVD contains a series of short instructional videos that demonstrate how to accomplish some of the most common configuration and troubleshooting tasks on the Catalyst platforms and how to verify that the network is working correctly. The DVD contains 20 individual videos for a total of about six hours of instruction. CCNP SWITCH Quick Reference provides you with detailed, graphical-based information, highlighting only the key topics on the CCNP SWITCH exam in cram-style format. This fact-filled Quick Reference allows you to get all-important information at a glance, helping focus on areas of weakness and enhance memory retention of important concepts.

Download

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五 12 2010

Cisco CCNP Pack 2010

Posted by admin in CISCO

Tags: 642-332, 642-813, 642-902, ccnp, ROUTE, switch, TSHOOT | 1 Comment

Cisco CCNP Pack 2010 | DVD + ebook | ISO/PDF | 1.7GB
Genre : eLearning

Material: Lab Guides, Quick Reference,Offical Cert Guide and Video’s
Details :
Cisco Network Troubleshooting Video Mentor DVD
Cisco Press CCNP ROUTE 642-902 Cert Kit DVD
Cisco Press CCNP SWITCH 642-813 Cert Kit DVD
Route + Switch + TShoot ebooks
Download

http://hotfile.com/list/500287/9a0d7a8

四 15 2010

qemu manager安装junos快速向导

Posted by admin in CISCO, juniper

Tags: gns3, juniper, Junos, qemu | 2 Comments

一、安装qemu manager 6.0

二、安装openvpn，低版本的openvpn在安装虚拟网卡TAP时，在vista或win7上会报驱动无法通过认证，不予以安装，此时需下载openvpn-2.1_rc15-install版本以上，即可顺利安装网卡驱动。

1、安装完成后看到网络连接内新的网卡，重命名为英文TAP0。TAP网卡负责和虚拟机通讯，虚拟机内的网卡和TAP看起来在一个交换机下。

2、将TAP0网卡设置为和本地网卡不同网段。192.168.10.31（本地网卡为192.168.0.31），掩码都是16位，网关都是192.168.0.1；（此时虚拟机如装好，可以和TAP互通，但是不通其他网络）

3、将本地连接设置为允许共享上网。此时虚拟机只要把网关设为TAP地址，即可和其他网络通讯。相当于通过虚拟机——TAP——本地连接（ICS）——外部网络。

三、qemu manager设置如下：

1、新建虚拟机，20G硬盘，linux系统。

2、网卡参数调整为557b，559e会崩溃，这是这个版本的qemu的问题；e1000没试过，据说junos8以上支持了，在vmware里可以装成功，qemu这次没试。

3、VLAN类型设置为TAP，ID填网络连接里的名称（如TAP0）

4、光盘设置为4.8-RELEASE-i386-mini.iso

5、串口设置为TCP接口，127.0.0.1，端口1007，监听不等待。

四、启动安装系统。

开机，选择第一个选项跳过——stand安装——A自动分配Q完成——stand引导——分区：按C，输入8000M，FS，挂载点/；如此完成：

ad0s1a / 8000M

ad0s1b SWAP 1000M

ad0s1e /tmp 2000M

ad0s1f /var 8800M

Q退出——mini安装——CD/DVD安装——一路回车，设置网卡，192.168.10.37，掩码16位，网关192.168.10.31（TAP地址）——一路回车，中途设置下时区和鼠标，其他全部默认。

完成后测试ping，已经可以连接任何网络。

五、安装junos

在Freebsd 上登陆FTP服务器输入用户名和密码，模式改为binary的二进制模式，要不在junos安装时出错。

切换到Lcd /var/tmp里面，使用get jinstall-9.6 上传到/var/tmp里，bye（退出）

查看junos文件ls /var/tmp

rm /dev/wd0c 删除/dev/wd0c目录

ln -s /dev/ad0c /dev/wd0c
mkdir /var/etc 在/var下创建一个etc目录

touch /var/etc/master.passwd

touch /var/etc/inetd.conf

touch /var/etc/group

进入/var/tmp目录下

cd /var/tmp

mkdir jinst-signed
cd jinst-signed
tar zxfv ../jinstall-9.6R1.13-export-signed.tgz

mkdir jinst
cd jinst
tar zxfv ../jinstall-9.6R1.13-export.tgz

mkdir pkgtools
cd pkgtools
tar zxfv ../pkgtools.tgz
cd bin
cp /usr/bin/true ./checkpic 把包中的pkgtools.tgz中的checkpic用/usr/bin/true替換掉
cd ..

tar zcfv ../pkgtools.tgz *
cd ..
rm -rf pkgtools
tar zcfv /var/tmp/jinstall-9.6R1.13-export -olive.tgz * 这里我把打好包的olive做了个备份，省的以后重装麻烦了

打包完成后，在/var/tmp下安装 pkg_add －f jinstall-9.6R1.13-export -olive.tgz；

安装成功后先关闭机器#shutdown －h now

六、等待junos自动安装

1、telnet 127.0.0.1 1007；等待JUNOS安装自动完成，时间有点长。

2、安装完成后，telnet和console出现提示符，均可以操作。输入cli进入junos测试。

3、完成后shutdown -h now；耐心等待关闭，此时console无响应，但是telnet里可以看见仍在同步磁盘，不要急于关机。

三 26 2010

SSLVPN卷一：理论 (转自：现任名教教主)

Posted by admin in CISCO

Tags: SSL, SSL VPN, VPN, 卷一, 现任明教教主 | 2 Comments

作者：现任明教教主

Email:collinsctk@gmail.com

CCIE:13778

2009年2月25日

献辞

SSLVPN 4卷实验指导一共花费了我差不多2个月的时间，真的是心血之作。在这个过程中遇到了很多困难。特别是设计“ASA策略拓扑”，足足花了一个星期来设计它，最后在回家的城铁上获得了设计灵感。

在实验指导编写过程中，给我感触最大的事情是，以前我做实验指导总会有很多学员协助我，他们和我一起进步。但是现在除了上课很少有学员能够呆在实验室看看书做做实验。大家的学习态度很有问题，不要认为到WOLF学习就只是为了证书，对知识的不懈追求和热爱才是最重要的。我不敢说自己的技术有多么牛，但是我可以说是最勤奋好学的。我有着对知识的热爱。我在献辞中说这些希望大家理解我的苦心，干我们这行一定需要持续不断的学习，否则你就会被淘汰。

现任明教教主北京WOLF

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三 24 2010

新版 CCNP 学习用书

Posted by admin in CISCO

Tags: 642-813, 642-832, 642-902, ccnp, CISCO, ROUTE, switch, TSHOOT, 新版 | Add comment

新版 CCNP 学习用书 CCNP ROUTE 642-902

新版 CCNP 学习用书 CCNP SWITCH 642-813

新版 CCNP 学习用书 CCNP TSHOOT 642-832

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一 14 2010

关于OSPF的 LSA过滤

Posted by admin in CISCO

Tags: filter-list, lsa, prefix, 过滤 | Add comment

网络拓扑图：

OSPF描述：

SubCenter: 这边的OSPF进程为13，区域号为13. SubCenter_1上有4个Loopback 端口。IP分别为：10.96.0.1/26、10.96.1.1/26、10.96.2.1/26、10.96.3.1/26 SubCenter_1与SubCenter之间使用10.96.31.0/30相联。SubCenter_1端为:10.96.31.2/30 SubCenter端为10.96.31.1/30

SubCenter与 Center之间地址为:10.96.32.0/30相联。 SubCenter为：10.96.32.2/30 Center为：10.96.32.1/30

SubCenter与Center之间使用ospf 13，区域0 相联。

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十二 28 2009

2010年新版思科CCNP认证资讯(642-902,642-813,642-832)

Posted by admin in CISCO

Tags: 642-902, CISCO, new ccnp | Add comment

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无色无味(杨波) 的Web Log(博客)

About Cisco EIGRP（二）